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add both base64 and base32 addresses as separate protocols, remove port from addresses to be expressed as /tcp, etc.

finish switching to base64 addresses for garlic-routed requests. This is so we can have both the base64 and base32 keys.

shortcut split on components

(bug caught by fuzzer)

Instead of re-parsing single-components, shortcut split/for-each functions.

small cleanups and optimizations

Opinionated: Paths should start with /, dammit!

This adds a `Component` helper type and a `ForEach` helper method.

The first attempt used an interface but interfaces imply allocation. We really
can't afford to allocate here.

This showed up when profile go-ipfs.

This will perform all the correct checks *except* that it won't bother actually
stringifying the multiaddr. It should be significantly faster.

This is checked when the protocol is *registered*. There's no reason to test it
twice.

This is a huge performance hit. Really, we just need to tell users not to modify
the result.

Also, get rid of an unnecessary pointer indirection (no api change).

correctly format ip4-in-6 addresses

fixes part one of #77

Add "ip6%" multiaddr (IPv6 with zone ID)

See [rfc4007].

Can be prefixed to "ip6" like so:

    /zone/eth0/ip6/fe80::1

This corresponds to the rfc4007 address `fe80::1%eth0`

[rfc4007] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4007

docs(README): modify readme

add protocol by code map

Also use `AddProtocol` for *all* protocols (even predefined ones).